Dictionaries in Nuru

Dictionaries in Nuru, also known as "kamusi," are powerful and flexible data structures that store key-value pairs. This page provides a comprehensive overview of dictionaries in Nuru, including how to create, access, modify, and iterate over them.

Creating Dictionaries

Dictionaries are enclosed in curly braces {} and consist of keys and values separated by colons. Here's an example of defining a dictionary:


orodha = {"jina": "Juma", "umri": 25}


orodha = {"jina": "Juma", "umri": 25}

Keys can be strings, integers, floats, or booleans, while values can be any data type, including strings, integers, floats, booleans, null, or functions:

k = {
    "jina": "Juma",
    "umri": 25,
    kweli: "kweli",
    "salimu": unda(x) { andika("habari", x) },
    "sina value": tupu
}

k = {
    "jina": "Juma",
    "umri": 25,
    kweli: "kweli",
    "salimu": unda(x) { andika("habari", x) },
    "sina value": tupu
}

Accessing Elements

Access individual elements in a dictionary using their keys:


andika(k[kweli]) // kweli
andika(k["salimu"]("Juma")) // habari Juma


andika(k[kweli]) // kweli
andika(k["salimu"]("Juma")) // habari Juma

Updating Elements

Update the value of an element by assigning a new value to its key:

k['umri'] = 30
andika(k['umri']) // 30

k['umri'] = 30
andika(k['umri']) // 30

Adding New Elements

Add a new key-value pair to a dictionary by assigning a value to a non-existent key:

k["lugha"] = "Kiswahili"
andika(k["lugha"]) // Kiswahili

k["lugha"] = "Kiswahili"
andika(k["lugha"]) // Kiswahili

Concatenating Dictionaries

Combine two dictionaries using the + operator:

matunda = {"a": "apple", "b": "banana"}
mboga = {"c": "carrot", "d": "daikon"}
vyakula = matunda + mboga
andika(vyakula) // {"a": "apple", "b": "banana", "c": "carrot", "d": "daikon"}

matunda = {"a": "apple", "b": "banana"}
mboga = {"c": "carrot", "d": "daikon"}
vyakula = matunda + mboga
andika(vyakula) // {"a": "apple", "b": "banana", "c": "carrot", "d": "daikon"}

Checking If a Key Exists in a Dictionary

Use the ktk keyword to check if a key exists in a dictionary:


"umri" ktk k // kweli
"urefu" ktk k // sikweli


"umri" ktk k // kweli
"urefu" ktk k // sikweli

Looping Over a Dictionary

Loop over a dictionary to access its keys and values:


hobby = {"a": "asili", "b": "baiskeli", "c": "chakula"}
kwa i, v ktk hobby {
    andika(i, "=>", v)
}


hobby = {"a": "asili", "b": "baiskeli", "c": "chakula"}
kwa i, v ktk hobby {
    andika(i, "=>", v)
}

Output

a => asili
b => baiskeli
c => chakula

a => asili
b => baiskeli
c => chakula

Loop over just the values:

kwa v ktk hobby {
    andika(v)
}

kwa v ktk hobby {
    andika(v)
}

Output

asili
baiskeli
chakula

asili
baiskeli
chakula

With this knowledge, you can now effectively use dictionaries in Nuru to store and manage key-value pairs, offering a flexible way to organize and access data in your programs.

Dictionaries in Nuru ​

Creating Dictionaries ​

Accessing Elements ​

Updating Elements ​

Adding New Elements ​

Concatenating Dictionaries ​

Checking If a Key Exists in a Dictionary ​

Looping Over a Dictionary ​